History of Cellular Automata


  • Cellular automaton created by John von Neumann ca 1945
  • Digital philosophy, Ed Fredkin, ca 1982
  • Santa Fe Institute, ca 1984
  • Artificial Life, Chris Langton, ca 1985
  • A New Kind of Science,Steve Wolfram, 2002
    Review by Ben Goertzel
    Review by Ray Kurzweil

  • Revised 20 July 2002 by Ralph Abraham, <abraham@vismath.org>